#Define auricula of ear free

Using GC-TOF/MS, increased serum free fatty acids and TC and significantly decreased hyaluronic acid, creatinine, and succinic acid were observed in hyperlipidemic hamsters. Serum metabolomics in the hyperlipidemia hamster model demonstrated that lipid metabolism could be returned to normal and gut microbiota reestablished with metronidazole treatment.

Atorvastatin competitively inhibited HMG-CoA reductase in the liver to decrease cholesterol and increase LDL receptor synthesis thus decreasing LDL-C, an effect consistent with its preventive and therapeutic role in atherosclerosis. Protein metabolism was also impacted, thus returning glutamine and glucogenic amino acids to nascent levels. Atorvastatin restored the levels of ketone bodies, acetoacetate, acetone, and 3-hydroxybutyrate to normal. In another study, 1H NMR-based metabolomics were used to monitor plasma and liver profiles following Atorvastatin treatment.

In contrast, estrone, cortisone, proline, cystine, 3-ureidopropionic acid, and histidine were associated with Atorvastatin-induced liver toxicity. In response to treatment, metabolite profiling suggested restoration of “healthy” metabolism. Metabolic profiling of plasma and tissue (liver, aorta, cardiac muscle, and brain) following oral administration of these drugs was analyzed by MS coupled with multivariate data analysis in rabbit and rat models. Metabolomics has been utilized to explore the therapeutic effect of antilipemic drugs such as Atorvastatin and Simvastatin. Apart from chemical therapeutics and TCM, food itself can exert a hypolipemic effect, i.e., fish oil, Pu-erh tea, Auricularia auricula, and Hawthorn. These antilipemic TCMs can be grouped into three categories: (1) herbs promoting excretions, generally by reducing food retention, enhancing purgative effect, and promoting diuresis and choleresis (2) herbs acting on the cardiovascular system, generally by improved blood circulation (3) herbs that have tonic effect. Interestingly, more than 50 traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have also been used to treat hyperlipidemia. Rui-Chao Lin, in Advances in Clinical Chemistry, 2014 6.1.2 Antilipemic agent researchĬurrently, statins, fibrates, nicotinic acid, and cholesterol absorption inhibitors remain the main therapeutics to reduce circulating lipids.

Define auricula of ear